一文读懂:电机充磁原理、必要性与永磁电机底层逻辑—久巨充磁机
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Motor magnetization is the core step in the manufacture and maintenance of permanent magnet motors such as permanent magnet synchronous motors and brushless DC motors. It relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction and magnetic field energy conversion, with the help of external strong magnetic field to make the internal magnetic domains of permanent magnets directional arrangement, so as to form a stable and lasting magnetism, is to ensure the normal operation of the motor is the basic link.
I. The essence of magnetization: to give a “source of power” to the motor”
Magnetization is not a simple increase in magnetism, but a key process to activate permanent magnets. When a new motor leaves the factory, magnets such as NdFeB are not magnetic by themselves, and can only be “activated” through magnetization to form a stable permanent magnetic field. After the motor is energized, the electromagnetic field of the coil interacts with the magnetic field of the magnet steel, pushing the rotor to rotate and realizing the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy.
For old motors in use, the magnets can become demagnetized due to high temperatures, overloading, and aging, which manifests itself in reduced speed, insufficient torque, increased power consumption, and weak operation. Re-magnetization can quickly restore magnetism and repair motor performance at a lower cost, making it an economical and efficient maintenance method.
II. New motors: the “activation process” that must be completed before leaving the factory”
新永磁电机的磁钢在装配前处于无磁状态,无法直接产生动力。Magnetizing是电机从零部件变为成品的necessary procedureOnly by completing the regulated magnetization can the magnets establish a magnetic field that meets the design criteria, giving the motor the basic ability to start, run, and do work.
The quality of magnetization directly determines the initial performance of the motor. Insufficient magnetic field strength, wrong polarity and uneven magnetization will lead to inherent defects of the motor, resulting in problems such as low output, high heat generation and low efficiency, which will affect the quality and service life of the whole machine.
III. Old motors: “regenerative means” to repair performance and reduce costs”
After a motor has been running for a long time, the magnets will inevitably be demagnetized, resulting in power loss and increased energy consumption. Compared with the direct replacement of magnets or the entire machine, re-magnetization is less expensive and shorter in cycle, which can quickly restore the magnetic field strength and improve the output, efficiency and stability of the motor. This maintenance method is applicable to all kinds of permanent magnet motors for electric vehicles, industrial equipment, household appliances, etc. It can effectively extend the service life of the motor, reduce the replacement of parts and improve the economy of the equipment, which is a practical solution for the maintenance of motors.
IV. Magnetization brings five core values
1、Extend the service life of the motor
Restoring magnet performance during refurbishment and maintenance avoids premature obsolescence and enhances the full lifecycle value of the motor.
2. Enhancement of operational efficiency
It allows the permanent magnet to reach the saturation magnetization state, enhances the uniformity of the magnetic field, improves the torque and power density, reduces the copper loss, and improves the efficiency of power conversion.
3. Optimize dynamic control
Safeguard the starting torque, improve the response speed, reduce the torque pulsation, and meet the high control requirements of industrial robots, precision equipment and so on.
4. Improve stability and reliability
After saturated magnetization, the magnet is more resistant to demagnetization, can withstand high temperature, overload and other harsh working conditions, reduce vibration and noise, and prolong the life of the magnet.
5. Reduce design and manufacturing costs
Supporting the miniaturization and lightweight design of motors, reducing the amount of magnets under the premise of ensuring performance, and optimizing the structure and cost.
V. Magnetization: a key link in determining the performance of PM motors
Magnetization is one of the most important issues in the manufacture and maintenance of permanent magnet motors.irreplaceableIt is the core process, which directly determines the quality of magnetic field, operation efficiency, reliability and life. Without magnetization, permanent magnet motors cannot work; if the magnetization is not up to standard, the performance of the motor will be greatly reduced. Choosing professional and reliable overall magnetizing equipment and solutions is an important guarantee to safeguard the quality of motors, enhance product competitiveness, and provide stable support for motor manufacturing and after-sales maintenance.
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